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Bio Energy - Nature's Organic Generators
Fuels got from either live plant products such as wood, mulch, algae and animal products such as microbes, animal excreta have been in use in some form or other over the centuries. While some of these fuels are not entirely green, they are cost saving and can even be classified as 'renewable'. A liquid known as bio-oil can be created from biomass found in forestry and agricultural residues. The biomass is thermo-chemically converted to bio-oil by using processes called direct liquefaction or fast pyrrolysis. Although bio-oil has a high heating value, it is best suited for direct combustion in large boilers because of its high viscosity. The high water and oxygen content of bio-oils reduces their heating value to less than half the value of petroleum. However, bio-oils are low in viscosity and have been successfully burned in boilers, kilns, turbines and diesel engines. In the future, bio-oil might be burned with a small diesel pilot fuel in large engines for electrical generation or in locomotives or ships.
Certain strains of bacteria produce a combustible gas when they digest biomass in the absence of oxygen. This process is called anaerobic digestion. When the bacteria digest biomass such as animal manure or landfill waste, they produce biogas. Cured cow dung is a fuel which emits methane which is combustible gas. This is therefore used in small and large fuel and electricity generators. In large cattle farms with large output of dung, generators using this fuel can supply all the power supply for the farm. This has been effectively used in farms in developing countries too since it is cost effective.
Ethanol which is the main component in alcohol that is consumed as drink, is now % additive in Car engine fuel. The maximum 10% can be used safely without damaging the engine. The main recommendations being reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. It can be manufactured by fermentation of molasses, wheat or corn.
Algae seems to be an amazing source of biofuels in the future. Key video points summarized:
- Algae is the fastest growing plant on the planet
- It produces a lot of vegetable oil ... as much as 50% of body weight.
- Bioreactors are vertically oriented to maximize exposure to light (as opposed to pond system which is horizontal)
- Algae needs exposure to light (light optimally permeates top 1 inch only)
- Bioreactors are closed system to prevent evaporation and contaminating algae infiltration
- Algae sequesters greatest amount of CO2
- Algae produces lipids (bascially vegetable oil)
- Acre of corn yields 18 gallons per acre per year
- Acre of palm yields 700 to 800 gallons per acre per year
- Acre of algae yields up to 20,000 gallons of oil per year (open pond - not bioreactor)
- 1/10th of New Mexico converted to algae could meet all US energy demands
- Strains of algae can be designated for jet fuel, diesel or others
World food crisis - MSNBC report
World food crisis 2
Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind' - Albert Einstein
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Green energy, Environment friendly energy, renewable energy, alternate energy resources, bio-diesel, fossil fuels, Solar energy, wind energy, water power, hydro energy, hydrogen fuel, crude oil, clean coal, global warming, Geo energy, vacuum energy. Green energy, Environment friendly energy, renewable energy, alternate energy resources, bio-diesel, fossil fuels, Solar energy, wind energy, water power, hydro energy, hydrogen fuel, crude oil, clean coal, global warming. Geo energy, vacuum energy.